Inactivation of vegetative cells, germinated spores, and dormant spores of <scp> <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> </scp> by pulsed electric field with fixed energy input

Increasing the electric energy input during pulsed field (PEF) treatment is a straightforward technique to boost efficiency of microbial inactivation. However, drawbacks such as electrode corrosion, arc formation, and high cost are also involved. This study aims investigate impact medium conductivity (), strength number pulses () on inactivation vegetative cells, germinated spores, dormant spores Bacillus atrophaeus with fixed input. Our results indicated that (1) cells were susceptible PEF treatment, relative importance , was ; (2) more resistant than (3) similar thermal resistance property, highly not significantly inactivated in our experiment setting. It concluded degree cell at different physiological states may be related its structure size. added body knowledge selecting settings gave insight into scaling up applications food processing industry. Practical Applications In industry, eliminating contaminants bacterial essential, common nonthermal technique. While traditional method increasing increase beneficial, it cost-effective. The this investigation demonstrated decreasing spore through germination followed by parameter-optimized treatments practical for improving pasteurization efficiency. novel might used sector.